18-bo'lim: Sana / vaqt

_{↑ Mundarijaga qaytish}

📅 Bu yerda asosiy gap — har tilning sana kutubxonasidan to'g'ri foydalanish (murakkablik deyarli har doim O(1)). Eng katta tuzoq: JS Date'da oylar 0-dan boshlanadi, hamda getDay() (JS) / weekday() (Python) haftani turli kundan boshlaydi. PHP DateTime, Python datetime, JS Date.

194. Joriy vaqt va Unix timestamp

⏱ O(1) JS Date.now() millisoniya, PHP/Python time() soniya qaytaradi.

JS

const now = new Date();
const timestamp = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000); // soniyalarda

PHP

$now = new DateTime();
$timestamp = time(); // soniyalarda

Python

from datetime import datetime
import time

now = datetime.now()
timestamp = int(time.time())  # soniyalarda

195. Sanani formatlash (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)

⏱ O(1) JS'da oylar 0-dan (getMonth() + 1 zarur) — klassik xato manbai. PHP/Python format satrlari bu muammodan xoli.

JS

const formatDate = d => {
  const pad = n => String(n).padStart(2, "0");
  return `${d.getFullYear()}-${pad(d.getMonth() + 1)}-${pad(d.getDate())} ` +
         `${pad(d.getHours())}:${pad(d.getMinutes())}:${pad(d.getSeconds())}`;
};

PHP

function formatDate(DateTime $d): string {
    return $d->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
}

Python

def format_date(d):
    return d.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

196. Satrdan sanani parse qilish

⏱ O(1) JS faqat ISO formatni ishonchli parse qiladi; aniq format uchun PHP createFromFormat, Python strptime ishonchliroq.

JS

const date = new Date("2026-06-09T14:30:00");

PHP

$date = new DateTime("2026-06-09 14:30:00");
// aniq format: DateTime::createFromFormat('d/m/Y', '09/06/2026')

Python

from datetime import datetime

date = datetime.strptime("2026-06-09 14:30:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

197. Ikki sana orasidagi kunlar farqi

⏱ O(1) JS — millisoniya farqini kunga bo'lish; PHP diff() DateInterval qaytaradi; Python sanalarni ayirsa timedelta chiqadi.

JS

const daysBetween = (a, b) => {
  const ms = Math.abs(b - a);
  return Math.floor(ms / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
};

PHP

function daysBetween(DateTime $a, DateTime $b): int {
    return $a->diff($b)->days;
}

Python

def days_between(a, b):
    return abs((b - a).days)

198. Sanaga kun qo'shish

⏱ O(1) JS setDate oy/yil chegarasini avtomatik to'g'rilaydi; PHP modify; Python timedelta.

JS

const addDays = (d, days) => {
  const r = new Date(d);
  r.setDate(r.getDate() + days);
  return r;
};

PHP

function addDays(DateTime $d, int $days): DateTime {
    $r = clone $d;
    $r->modify("+$days days");
    return $r;
}

Python

from datetime import timedelta

def add_days(d, days):
    return d + timedelta(days=days)

199. Hafta kuni (nomi)

⏱ O(1) ⚠️ JS getDay() va PHP 'w' — 0 = Yakshanba; Python weekday() — 0 = Dushanba (boshqacha!). Indekslashda ehtiyot bo'ling.

JS

const weekday = d =>
  ["Yakshanba", "Dushanba", "Seshanba", "Chorshanba", "Payshanba", "Juma", "Shanba"][d.getDay()];

PHP

function weekday(DateTime $d): string {
    $days = ["Yakshanba", "Dushanba", "Seshanba", "Chorshanba", "Payshanba", "Juma", "Shanba"];
    return $days[(int) $d->format('w')];
}

Python

def weekday(d):
    days = ["Dushanba", "Seshanba", "Chorshanba", "Payshanba", "Juma", "Shanba", "Yakshanba"]
    return days[d.weekday()]

200. Oydagi kunlar soni

⏱ O(1) JS hiyla — keyingi oyning "0-kuni" joriy oyning oxirgi kuni; PHP date('t'); Python calendar.monthrange.

JS

const daysInMonth = (year, month) => new Date(year, month, 0).getDate();
// month: 1-12

PHP

function daysInMonth(int $year, int $month): int {
    return (int) date('t', mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, 1, $year));
}

Python

import calendar

def days_in_month(year, month):
    return calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]

201. Yosh hisoblash (tug'ilgan sanadan)

⏱ O(1) Tug'ilgan kun shu yili hali o'tmagan bo'lsa, 1 yil ayiriladi. PHP diff()->y buni avtomatik qiladi.

JS

const age = birth => {
  const today = new Date();
  let years = today.getFullYear() - birth.getFullYear();
  const m = today.getMonth() - birth.getMonth();
  if (m < 0 || (m === 0 && today.getDate() < birth.getDate())) years--;
  return years;
};

PHP

function age(DateTime $birth): int {
    return (new DateTime())->diff($birth)->y;
}

Python

from datetime import date

def age(birth):
    today = date.today()
    years = today.year - birth.year
    if (today.month, today.day) < (birth.month, birth.day):
        years -= 1
    return years

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