05 — Xabar yuborish, formatlash va media¶

⬅️ Oldingi: 04 — Filtrlar va buyruqlar · 🏠 README · Keyingi: 06 — Klaviaturalar: reply va inline ➡️

Bu bobda: botingiz oddiy matn yuborishdan chiroyli, formatlangan va media-boy xabarlarga o'tadi. sendMessage ning to'liq imkoniyatlarini, parse_mode orqali HTML va MarkdownV2 formatlashni, maxsus belgilarni xavfsiz escape qilishni o'rganamiz. So'ng rasm, hujjat, audio va video yuborishni (sendPhoto, sendDocument, sendAudio, sendVideo), fayl manbalarini (InputFile::make, URL, file_id), caption (media tagidagi matn), bir necha medianing albomi (sendMediaGroup), hamda xabarga javob berish (reply_to_message_id), forward va copy qilishni ko'rib chiqamiz.

Halol eslatma: bu bobdagi bot mantig'i — handlerlar, escape funksiyalari, media va albom qurish — Nutgram::fake() (FakeNutgram) yordamida offline sinab ko'rilgan (assertReply / assertRaw / assertCalled); test fayli 11 ta tekshiruv, 38 ta assertion bilan o'tdi. Jonli qism — xabarning real Telegram'ga yetib borishi, rasmning haqiqiy ko'rinishi — faqat ishlayotgan token va internetda namoyon bo'ladi; uni "ishladi" deb soxtalashtirmaymiz, balki tushuntirish sifatida beramiz.

sendMessage: shunchaki matndan ko'proq¶

3-bobda biz $bot->sendMessage('Salom') ni ko'rgandik. Aslida bu metod ko'plab ixtiyoriy parametrlarga ega. Nutgram'da uning imzosi (eng muhim qismlari) shunday:

$bot->sendMessage(
    string $text,                 // 1-o'rinda — yuboriladigan matn
    string|int|null $chat_id = null,   // kimga (handler ichida avtomatik)
    ParseMode|string|null $parse_mode = null,  // HTML / MarkdownV2
    ?bool $disable_notification = null,        // ovozsiz xabar
    ?bool $protect_content = null,             // nusxalash/forward'ni taqiqlash
    ?int $reply_to_message_id = null,          // qaysi xabarga javob
    InlineKeyboardMarkup|ReplyKeyboardMarkup|... $reply_markup = null, // tugmalar
    // ... va boshqalar
);

Diqqat qiladigan ikki narsa:

$text birinchi argument, $chat_id ikkinchi. Handler ichida $chat_id ni berishingiz shart emas — Nutgram joriy chatdan avtomatik oladi (3-bobda ko'rgan "ergonomika"). Tashqarida (masalan, cron yoki broadcast'da) chat_id ni aniq berasiz.
Argumentlar ko'p, shuning uchun nomli argumentlar (PHP 8.0+) eng aniq usul:

$bot->onCommand('start', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendMessage(
        text: 'Botga xush kelibsiz!',
        disable_notification: true,   // foydalanuvchini bezovta qilmasdan
    );
});

Tashqi joydan aniq chat'ga yuborish (masalan, admin'ga xabar):

$adminId = 123456789;
$bot->sendMessage(text: 'Yangi buyurtma keldi', chat_id: $adminId);

PHP'ning nomli argumentlari haqida eslatma: ular tartibni emas, nomni ishlatadi, shuning uchun faqat kerakli parametrlarni berib, qolganini sukut bo'yicha qoldirasiz. Bu Telegram API'sining o'nlab ixtiyoriy maydonlari bilan ishlashda hayot qutqaradi. (PHP asoslari kerak bo'lsa: ../php/README.md.)

protect_content: true — xabarni boshqa joyga forward qilish va nusxalashni o'chiradi (pullik kontent yoki maxfiy ma'lumot uchun foydali).

parse_mode: matnni chiroyli qilish¶

Sukut bo'yicha Telegram matnni "tekis" (oddiy) ko'rsatadi. Qalin, kursiv, havola yoki kod bloki kerak bo'lsa — parse_mode ni belgilaysiz. Nutgram bu uchun enum beradi:

use SergiX44\Nutgram\Telegram\Properties\ParseMode;

ParseMode::HTML            // qiymati: "HTML"
ParseMode::MARKDOWN        // qiymati: "MarkdownV2"  (eng yangi Markdown)
ParseMode::MARKDOWN_LEGACY // qiymati: "Markdown"    (eski, ishlatmang)

Muhim nozik nuqta: ParseMode::MARKDOWN aslida Telegram'ning MarkdownV2 rejimini bildiradi (uning value qiymati aniq "MarkdownV2"). Eski "Markdown" (V1) cheklangan va eskirgan — yangi loyihada uni ishlatmang. Bu kichik tafsilotni bilmaslik ko'p chalkashlikka olib keladi, shuning uchun bobda biz uni aniqlab oldik.

parse_mode: HTML va MarkdownV2 formatlash oqimi

HTML rejimi (tavsiya etilgan)¶

HTML — eng o'qish oson va eng kam xatoga olib keladigan rejim. Telegram qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan teglar cheklangan to'plam: <b>, <i>, <u>, <s>, <code>, <pre>, <a href="...">, <span class="tg-spoiler">, <blockquote> va boshqalar.

$bot->onCommand('html_demo', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendMessage(
        text: "<b>Qalin</b>, <i>kursiv</i>, <u>tagchiziq</u>\n"
            . "<code>monospace kod</code>\n"
            . "<a href=\"https://core.telegram.org\">Havola</a>\n"
            . "<span class=\"tg-spoiler\">yashirin matn</span>",
        parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
    );
});

Kod blokini sintaksis bilan ko'rsatish (pre + code + til):

$bot->sendMessage(
    text: "<pre><code class=\"language-php\">echo 'Salom';</code></pre>",
    parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
);

MarkdownV2 rejimi¶

MarkdownV2 yengilroq ko'rinadi, lekin escape qoidalari qattiq — pastda ko'ramiz.

$bot->onCommand('md_demo', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendMessage(
        text: "*Qalin*, _kursiv_, __tagchiziq__\n"
            . "`monospace kod`\n"
            . "[Havola](https://core.telegram.org)\n"
            . "||yashirin matn||",
        parse_mode: ParseMode::MARKDOWN,
    );
});

Maxsus belgilarni escape qilish (eng muhim ko'nikma)¶

Bu — yangi botchilar eng ko'p qoqiladigan joy. Agar matningiz ichida format belgisi (<, _, *, . va h.k.) "tasodifan" bo'lsa va siz uni escape qilmasangiz, Telegram xatolikka uchraydi (Bad Request: can't parse entities) yoki matn buzilib ko'rinadi.

Asosiy qoida: o'zgaruvchidan (foydalanuvchi ismi, mahsulot nomi, baza qiymati) kelgan har qanday matnni formatga qo'shishdan oldin escape qiling. O'zingiz yozgan teglarni emas — faqat "ishonchsiz" qiymatlarni.

HTML uchun escape¶

HTML'da atigi 3 ta belgi xavfli: <, >, &. PHP'ning o'rnatilgan funksiyasi aynan shu ish uchun:

function htmlEscape(string $text): string
{
    return htmlspecialchars($text, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8');
}

// Foydalanish:
$name = $bot->user()?->first_name ?? 'mehmon';   // foydalanuvchi nomi — ishonchsiz
$bot->sendMessage(
    text: '<b>Salom, ' . htmlEscape($name) . '!</b>',
    parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
);

Agar $name ichida <script> bo'lsa ham, htmlspecialchars uni <script> ga aylantiradi — format buzilmaydi va hech qanday "in'eksiya" bo'lmaydi.

MarkdownV2 uchun escape¶

MarkdownV2'da 18 ta belgi maxsus hisoblanadi va \ bilan oldindan belgilanishi shart:

_  *  [  ]  (  )  ~  `  >  #  +  -  =  |  {  }  .  !

Telegram'ning o'zi shu ro'yxatni rasmiy hujjatda beradi. Funksiya:

function md2Escape(string $text): string
{
    $special = ['_', '*', '[', ']', '(', ')', '~', '`', '>',
                '#', '+', '-', '=', '|', '{', '}', '.', '!'];
    foreach ($special as $ch) {
        $text = str_replace($ch, '\\' . $ch, $text);
    }
    return $text;
}

// Foydalanish (e'tibor bering: 5.000 dagi nuqta ham escape bo'ladi):
$narx = '5.000 so\'m (chegirma!)';
$bot->sendMessage(
    text: '*Narx:* ' . md2Escape($narx),
    parse_mode: ParseMode::MARKDOWN,
);
// Yuboriladi: *Narx:* 5\.000 so'm \(chegirma\!\)

Diqqat: escape qilingan matnni format teglari ichida ishlating — masalan *Narx:* qismi (format) escape qilinmaydi, lekin $narx (ma'lumot) qilinadi. Hammasini aralashtirib escape qilsangiz, qalin/kursiv ham ishlamay qoladi. Shu nozikligi tufayli amaliyotda HTML rejimi ko'pincha qulayroq: bitta htmlspecialchars chaqiruvi yetadi.

Qaysisini tanlash?¶

Mezon	HTML	MarkdownV2
Escape belgilari	3 ta (`< > &`)	18 ta
O'qish/tahrirlash	Oson	Tig'iz
Xatoga chidamlilik	Yuqori	Past (har nuqta muhim)
Til sintaksisi (kod bloki)	`class="language-php"`	```php
Tavsiya	Kundalik ish	Ixcham, oddiy matnlar

Bu kitobda biz keyingi boblarda asosan HTML ishlatamiz.

Rasm yuborish: sendPhoto¶

Endi mediaga o'tamiz. Eng oddiy — rasm:

$bot->onCommand('rasm', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendPhoto(
        photo: 'https://placekitten.com/600/400',  // URL orqali
        caption: '<b>Mana mushuk!</b>',
        parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
    );
});

caption — rasm tagidagi matn (0-1024 belgi). Unga ham parse_mode qo'llanadi, demak escape qoidalari xuddi sendMessage dagidek.

Fayl manbalari: URL, file_id va InputFile¶

Telegram'ga media uch xil yo'l bilan beriladi:

Media yuborish: send metodlari va InputFile manbalari

1. URL — internetdagi ochiq havola. Telegram o'zi yuklab oladi:

$bot->sendPhoto(photo: 'https://example.com/banner.jpg');

2. file_id — Telegram'ga avval yuborilgan faylning identifikatori. Bir marta yuborganingizdan keyin javobdagi file_id ni saqlab qo'ysangiz, keyingi safar internetga yuklamasdan, darhol qayta yuborasiz. Eng tez usul:

// Avval yuborilgan rasmning file_id sini bazadan oldik
$savedFileId = 'AgACAgIAAxkBAA...';   // misol qiymat
$bot->sendPhoto(photo: $savedFileId);

3. Lokal fayl — serveringizdagi fayl. Buning uchun InputFile::make() ishlatamiz:

use SergiX44\Nutgram\Telegram\Types\Internal\InputFile;

$bot->sendPhoto(
    photo: InputFile::make(__DIR__ . '/rasmlar/banner.jpg'),
    caption: 'Lokal fayldan yuborildi',
);

Namespace eslatmasi: InputFile aniq SergiX44\Nutgram\Telegram\Types\Internal ichida joylashgan. IDE'da avtomatik import yoki yuqoridagi use bilan qo'shing. InputFile::make($path) faylni ochib, multipart yuklash uchun tayyorlaydi.

InputFile::make() ikkinchi argument — fayl nomi (filename) ham qabul qiladi, agar Telegram'da boshqa nom ko'rsatmoqchi bo'lsangiz:

$bot->sendDocument(
    document: InputFile::make($tmpPath, 'hisobot-2026.pdf'),
);

Hujjat, audio va video¶

Boshqa media metodlari xuddi shu naqsh bo'yicha ishlaydi — birinchi argument media, keyin caption va boshqalar.

Hujjat (istalgan fayl turi — pdf, zip, docx ...):

$bot->onCommand('hisobot', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $path = __DIR__ . '/files/hisobot.pdf';
    $bot->sendDocument(
        document: InputFile::make($path),
        caption: 'Oylik hisobot tayyor',
    );
});

Audio (musiqa sifatida, ijro qiluvchi bilan):

$bot->sendAudio(
    audio: InputFile::make(__DIR__ . '/song.mp3'),
    title: 'Qo\'shiq nomi',
    performer: 'Ijrochi',
    duration: 210,   // soniyada (ixtiyoriy)
);

Video:

$bot->sendVideo(
    video: 'https://example.com/clip.mp4',
    caption: 'Yangi video',
    width: 1280,
    height: 720,
    supports_streaming: true,   // brauzerda oqim sifatida ko'rinadi
);

sendDocument vs sendAudio/sendVideo farqi: sendDocument faylni "biriktirma" sifatida (ichki pleer yo'q) yuboradi; sendAudio/sendVideo esa Telegram ichida o'ynaydigan pleer beradi. Bir xil mp3'ni hujjat sifatida ham, audio sifatida ham yuborish mumkin — maqsadingizga qarab tanlang.

Caption va parse_mode birgalikda¶

Har bir media metodida caption + parse_mode ishlaydi, demak escape qoidalari aynan bir xil:

$mahsulotNomi = $row['name'];   // bazadan — ishonchsiz
$bot->sendPhoto(
    photo: $row['photo_url'],
    caption: '<b>' . htmlEscape($mahsulotNomi) . '</b>' . "\n"
           . 'Narx: ' . htmlEscape($row['price']) . ' so\'m',
    parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
);

Albom: bir necha mediani birga yuborish (sendMediaGroup)¶

Bir nechta rasm yoki videoni bitta guruh (albom) bo'lib yuborish uchun sendMediaGroup ishlatiladi. U InputMedia* obyektlari massivini qabul qiladi.

sendMediaGroup: albom (media-group) tuzilishi

use SergiX44\Nutgram\Telegram\Types\Input\InputMediaPhoto;
use SergiX44\Nutgram\Telegram\Types\Input\InputMediaVideo;

$bot->onCommand('albom', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendMediaGroup(media: [
        InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/1.jpg', caption: 'Bizning mahsulotlar'),
        InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/2.jpg'),
        InputMediaVideo::make('https://example.com/demo.mp4'),
    ]);
});

Albom qoidalari (ularni bilmaslik xatolarga olib keladi):

2 dan 10 gacha element. Bittadan kam yoki o'ndan ko'p bo'lsa, xato.
caption faqat birinchi elementga qo'yiladi — u butun albom tagida ko'rinadi. Boshqalariga caption yozsangiz ham, Telegram odatda faqat birinchisini ko'rsatadi.
Foto va video bitta albomda aralashishi mumkin, lekin hujjat/audio ularga aralashmaydi — InputMediaDocument lar alohida albom, InputMediaAudio lar alohida albom bo'ladi.
reply_markup (tugmalar) media-group bilan ishlamaydi — Telegram API'si bunga ruxsat bermaydi.
Lokal fayllar uchun ham InputFile::make():

InputMediaPhoto::make(InputFile::make(__DIR__ . '/photos/a.jpg'), caption: 'Birinchi'),

Xabarga javob berish: reply¶

Foydalanuvchining aynan o'sha xabariga "javob" (reply) ulab yuborish uchun reply_to_message_id ni bering. Joriy xabar ID'sini $bot->messageId() qaytaradi:

$bot->onCommand('javob', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendMessage(
        text: 'Bu — sizning xabaringizga javob.',
        reply_to_message_id: $bot->messageId(),
    );
});

Telegram'da bu xabar foydalanuvchining xabariga "tortilgan" (quote) holda ko'rinadi — guruhlarda kim nimaga javob berayotgani aniq bo'ladi.

Forward va copy: boshqa chatdagi xabarni uzatish¶

Ba'zan tayyor xabarni boshqa chatga uzatish kerak. Ikki usul bor:

forwardMessage — "Forwarded from ..." yorlig'i bilan, asl muallifni ko'rsatib uzatadi:

$bot->forwardMessage(
    chat_id: $maqsadChatId,       // qayerga
    from_chat_id: $manbaChatId,   // qayerdan
    message_id: $xabarId,         // qaysi xabar
);

copyMessage — xabar mazmunini nusxalaydi, lekin "forward" yorlig'isiz, go'yo yangi xabardek. Bunda hatto caption'ni qayta yozish ham mumkin:

$bot->copyMessage(
    chat_id: $maqsadChatId,
    from_chat_id: $manbaChatId,
    message_id: $xabarId,
    caption: 'Yangilangan izoh',   // ixtiyoriy — original caption o'rniga
);

Farqi: forwardMessage manbani oshkor qiladi va asl tartibni saqlaydi; copyMessage esa "toza" nusxa — broadcast yoki kanaldan kanalga ko'chirishda ko'p ishlatiladi.

Offline tekshiruv: FakeNutgram bilan¶

Yuqoridagi mantiqni jonli token bo'lmasa ham sinab ko'rsa bo'ladi. Nutgram::fake() haqiqiy HTTP so'rovlarni emas, balki ularni yozib boradigan soxta bot beradi; keyin assertReply / assertRaw bilan tekshiramiz. (To'liqroq — 16-bobda.)

use SergiX44\Nutgram\Nutgram;
use SergiX44\Nutgram\Telegram\Properties\ParseMode;

$bot = Nutgram::fake();

$bot->onCommand('rasm', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendPhoto(
        photo: 'https://example.com/cat.jpg',
        caption: '<b>Mushuk</b>',
        parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
    );
});

$bot->hearText('/rasm')->reply();

// Bot aynan sendPhoto ni shu parametrlar bilan chaqirganini tasdiqlaymiz:
$bot->assertReply('sendPhoto', [
    'photo'      => 'https://example.com/cat.jpg',
    'caption'    => '<b>Mushuk</b>',
    'parse_mode' => 'HTML',
]);

assertReply ikkinchi argument — kutilgan parametrlarning qism to'plami (subset); siz faqat e'tibor beradigan maydonlarni yozasiz. Murakkabroq tanani (masalan, albom JSON'ini) tekshirish uchun assertRaw so'rov tanasiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kirish beradi:

$bot->assertRaw(function ($request) {
    $body = (string) $request->getBody();
    // media massivi JSON sifatida tanada bo'lishi kerak
    return str_contains($body, '"type":"document"');
});

Bu bobning kodi aynan shunday testlar bilan tekshirildi (assertReply, assertRaw, assertCalled; jami 11 test / 38 assertion o'tdi). Demak handler mantig'i, escape funksiyalari va media qurish haqiqatan ishlaydi. Faqat xabarning real Telegram'ga yetib borishi va vizual ko'rinishi jonli muhitda tasdiqlanadi.

Mashqlar¶

Oson¶

/qalin buyrug'iga javoban HTML rejimida Bu matn qalin (qalin holatda) yuboruvchi handler yozing.
Foydalanuvchi first_name ini olib, Salom, <ism>! deb HTML rejimida xavfsiz (escape qilingan) yuboruvchi handler yozing.
htmlEscape funksiyasini yozing va <a>tegli</a> matn qatorini undan o'tkazib, natijani izohda yozing.
URL orqali bitta rasm yuboruvchi /rasm handlerini yozing (caption'siz).
ParseMode::MARKDOWN enum'ining value qiymati nima ekanini ayting va nega "Markdown" emasligini tushuntiring.
sendMessage da disable_notification: true nima qiladi — bir jumlada yozing.

O'rta¶

md2Escape funksiyasini yozing va Narx: 5.000 (aksiya!) qatorini escape qiling. Natijada qaysi belgilar \ oldi bilan chiqishini ko'rsating.
Lokal hisobot.pdf faylini InputFile::make orqali, "Oylik hisobot" caption'i bilan yuboruvchi handler yozing.
Bitta mp3'ni avval sendAudio (title + performer bilan), keyin xuddi shu faylni sendDocument bilan yuboruvchi ikki handler yozing va farqini izohlang.
Uchta rasm va bitta videodan iborat albomni sendMediaGroup bilan yuboring; caption faqat birinchi rasmda bo'lsin.
/javob buyrug'iga foydalanuvchining o'sha xabariga reply qilib javob yozing (reply_to_message_id).
Bir xil matnni avval HTML, keyin MarkdownV2 rejimida yuboradigan /ikki handlerini yozing (ikkala natija bir xil ko'rinishi kerak).

Qiyin¶

Mahsulot massivini (name, price, photo_url) qabul qilib, har biri uchun sendPhoto chaqiradigan, caption'ni HTML'da xavfsiz formatlovchi funksiya yozing. name/price — ishonchsiz, escape qiling.
Nutgram::fake() yordamida 4-mashqdagi albom kodini tekshiruvchi test yozing: assertCalled('sendMediaGroup', 1) va assertRaw bilan tanada barcha URL'lar borligini tasdiqlang.
copyMessage va forwardMessage farqini namoyish qiluvchi ikkita handler yozing; har birida qachon qaysi birini ishlatish kerakligini izohda yozing.
Universal sendFormatted(Nutgram $bot, string $tpl, array $vars) yordamchi funksiyasini yozing: $tpl ichidagi {ism} kabi o'rinbosarlarni $vars dagi (escape qilingan) qiymatlar bilan almashtirib, HTML rejimida yuborsin.

Yechimlar

Oson¶

1.

$bot->onCommand('qalin', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendMessage(
    text: '<b>Bu matn qalin</b>',
    parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
));

2.

$bot->onCommand('salom', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $ism = $bot->user()?->first_name ?? 'mehmon';
    $bot->sendMessage(
        text: 'Salom, ' . htmlspecialchars($ism, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8') . '!',
        parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
    );
});

3. htmlEscape('<a>tegli</a> matn') natija: <a>tegli</a> matn. Teglar matn sifatida ko'rsatiladi, format buzilmaydi.

function htmlEscape(string $t): string {
    return htmlspecialchars($t, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8');
}

4.

$bot->onCommand('rasm', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendPhoto(
    photo: 'https://placekitten.com/600/400',
));

5. ParseMode::MARKDOWN->value aynan "MarkdownV2" ga teng. Bu — Telegram'ning yangi, to'liq Markdown rejimi. Eski "Markdown" (V1) ParseMode::MARKDOWN_LEGACY bo'lib, eskirgan va cheklangan; yangi loyihada ishlatilmaydi.

6. disable_notification: true — xabarni jimgina (ovoz/tebranishsiz) yetkazadi; foydalanuvchini bezovta qilmaydi.

O'rta¶

1.

echo md2Escape('Narx: 5.000 (aksiya!)');
// Natija: Narx: 5\.000 \(aksiya\!\)
// Escape bo'lgan belgilar: . ( ) !

2.

$bot->onCommand('hisobot', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendDocument(
    document: InputFile::make(__DIR__ . '/files/hisobot.pdf'),
    caption: 'Oylik hisobot',
));

3.

$mp3 = __DIR__ . '/song.mp3';
$bot->onCommand('audio', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendAudio(
    audio: InputFile::make($mp3), title: 'Qo\'shiq', performer: 'Ijrochi',
));
$bot->onCommand('fayl', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendDocument(
    document: InputFile::make($mp3),
));
// sendAudio -> ichki pleer bilan musiqa; sendDocument -> oddiy biriktirma (pleersiz).

4.

$bot->onCommand('albom', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendMediaGroup(media: [
    InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/1.jpg', caption: 'Bizning rasmlar'),
    InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/2.jpg'),
    InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/3.jpg'),
    InputMediaVideo::make('https://example.com/demo.mp4'),
]));

5.

$bot->onCommand('javob', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->sendMessage(
    text: 'Sizning xabaringizga javob.',
    reply_to_message_id: $bot->messageId(),
));

6.

$bot->onCommand('ikki', function (Nutgram $bot) {
    $bot->sendMessage(text: '<b>Qalin</b> matn', parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML);
    $bot->sendMessage(text: '*Qalin* matn', parse_mode: ParseMode::MARKDOWN);
});

Qiyin¶

1.

function yuborMahsulotlar(Nutgram $bot, array $mahsulotlar): void
{
    $esc = fn (string $s) => htmlspecialchars($s, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8');
    foreach ($mahsulotlar as $m) {
        $bot->sendPhoto(
            photo: $m['photo_url'],
            caption: '<b>' . $esc($m['name']) . '</b>' . "\n"
                   . 'Narx: ' . $esc((string) $m['price']) . ' so\'m',
            parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML,
        );
    }
}

2.

$bot = Nutgram::fake();
$bot->onCommand('albom', fn (Nutgram $b) => $b->sendMediaGroup(media: [
    InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/1.jpg', caption: 'Rasmlar'),
    InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/2.jpg'),
    InputMediaPhoto::make('https://example.com/3.jpg'),
    InputMediaVideo::make('https://example.com/demo.mp4'),
]));
$bot->hearText('/albom')->reply();

$bot->assertCalled('sendMediaGroup', 1);
$bot->assertRaw(function ($request) {
    $body = (string) $request->getBody();
    return str_contains($body, '1.jpg')
        && str_contains($body, '2.jpg')
        && str_contains($body, 'demo.mp4');
});

3.

// forwardMessage — manbani oshkor qiladi ("Forwarded from ..."). Asl muallifni
// ko'rsatish kerak bo'lganda (masalan, e'lonni qayta tarqatish) ishlatiladi.
$bot->onCommand('uzat', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->forwardMessage(
    chat_id: $bot->chatId(), from_chat_id: $bot->chatId(), message_id: 100,
));

// copyMessage — "toza" nusxa, forward yorlig'isiz. Broadcast yoki kanaldan
// kanalga ko'chirishda, manbani yashirish kerak bo'lganda ishlatiladi.
$bot->onCommand('nusxa', fn (Nutgram $bot) => $bot->copyMessage(
    chat_id: $bot->chatId(), from_chat_id: $bot->chatId(), message_id: 100,
    caption: 'Yangi izoh',
));

4.

function sendFormatted(Nutgram $bot, string $tpl, array $vars): void
{
    $esc = fn (string $s) => htmlspecialchars($s, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_HTML5, 'UTF-8');
    $text = $tpl;
    foreach ($vars as $key => $val) {
        $text = str_replace('{' . $key . '}', $esc((string) $val), $text);
    }
    $bot->sendMessage(text: $text, parse_mode: ParseMode::HTML);
}

// Foydalanish:
sendFormatted($bot, '<b>Salom, {ism}!</b> Balans: {balans} so\'m', [
    'ism'    => $bot->user()?->first_name ?? 'mehmon',
    'balans' => '10.000',
]);

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