Tarkibga o'tish

39-bo'lim: Amaliy va kundalik masalalar

↑ Mundarijaga qaytish

Bu bo'limda har kuni kod yozishda kerak bo'ladigan obyekt va string yordamchilari to'plangan: chuqur nusxa va tenglik, obyektni tekislash va qayta qurish, kalitlar bo'yicha tanlash/chiqarib tashlash, query string qurish, matnni niqoblash, to'ldirish va o'rash, HTML bilan ishlash, ko'plik va tartib sonlar, ismdan bosh harflar, sonni qisqartirish va fayl nomini tozalash. Bular kichik, lekin loyihalarda doimiy ishlatiladigan "utility" funksiyalar β€” lodash, Str va shunga o'xshash kutubxonalarning yuragi.

871. Chuqur nusxa (deep clone)

Obyekt va massivni ichki qatlamlari bilan to'liq, mustaqil nusxasini yaratadi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const deepClone = (v) => {
  if (v === null || typeof v !== "object") return v;
  if (v instanceof Date) return new Date(v.getTime());
  if (Array.isArray(v)) return v.map(deepClone);
  const out = {};
  for (const k of Object.keys(v)) out[k] = deepClone(v[k]);
  return out;
};
PHP 
function deepClone($v) {
    if (is_array($v)) {
        $out = [];
        foreach ($v as $k => $x) $out[$k] = deepClone($x);
        return $out;
    }
    return is_object($v) ? clone $v : $v;
}
Python 
def deep_clone(v):
    if isinstance(v, dict):
        return {k: deep_clone(x) for k, x in v.items()}
    if isinstance(v, list):
        return [deep_clone(x) for x in v]
    return v

872. Chuqur tenglik (deep equal)

Ikki tuzilmani ichki qiymatlarigacha qiyoslab, mazmunan teng-tengligini tekshiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(d)

JS 

const deepEqual = (a, b) => {
  if (a === b) return true;
  if (typeof a !== "object" || typeof b !== "object" || a === null || b === null)
    return false;
  const ka = Object.keys(a), kb = Object.keys(b);
  if (ka.length !== kb.length) return false;
  return ka.every(
    (k) => Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(b, k) && deepEqual(a[k], b[k])
  );
};
PHP 
function deepEqual($a, $b): bool {
    if (is_array($a) && is_array($b)) {
        if (count($a) !== count($b)) return false;
        foreach ($a as $k => $v) {
            if (!array_key_exists($k, $b) || !deepEqual($v, $b[$k])) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    return $a === $b;
}
Python 
def deep_equal(a, b):
    if isinstance(a, dict) and isinstance(b, dict):
        return a.keys() == b.keys() and all(deep_equal(a[k], b[k]) for k in a)
    if isinstance(a, list) and isinstance(b, list):
        return len(a) == len(b) and all(deep_equal(x, y) for x, y in zip(a, b))
    return a == b and type(a) == type(b)

873. Chuqur birlashtirish (deep merge)

Ikki obyektni rekursiv birlashtiradi; ichki obyektlar qo'shiladi, oddiy qiymatlar ustiga yoziladi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const isObj = (v) => v && typeof v === "object" && !Array.isArray(v);
const deepMerge = (a, b) => {
  const out = { ...a };
  for (const k of Object.keys(b))
    out[k] = isObj(a[k]) && isObj(b[k]) ? deepMerge(a[k], b[k]) : b[k];
  return out;
};
PHP 
function deepMerge(array $a, array $b): array {
    foreach ($b as $k => $v) {
        if (isset($a[$k]) && is_array($a[$k]) && is_array($v)
            && !array_is_list($a[$k]) && !array_is_list($v))
            $a[$k] = deepMerge($a[$k], $v);
        else
            $a[$k] = $v;
    }
    return $a;
}
Python 
def deep_merge(a, b):
    out = dict(a)
    for k, v in b.items():
        if isinstance(out.get(k), dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
            out[k] = deep_merge(out[k], v)
        else:
            out[k] = v
    return out

874. Obyektni tekislash (flatten β€” dot kalitlar)

Ichma-ich joylashgan obyektni "a.b.c" ko'rinishidagi bir qatlamli kalitlarga aylantiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const flatten = (obj, prefix = "", out = {}) => {
  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) {
    const key = prefix ? `${prefix}.${k}` : k;
    if (isObj(obj[k])) flatten(obj[k], key, out);
    else out[key] = obj[k];
  }
  return out;
};
PHP 
function flatten(array $obj, string $prefix = ''): array {
    $out = [];
    foreach ($obj as $k => $v) {
        $key = $prefix === '' ? (string)$k : "$prefix.$k";
        if (is_array($v) && !array_is_list($v) && $v !== [])
            $out += flatten($v, $key);
        else
            $out[$key] = $v;
    }
    return $out;
}
Python 
def flatten(obj, prefix=""):
    out = {}
    for k, v in obj.items():
        key = f"{prefix}.{k}" if prefix else str(k)
        if isinstance(v, dict) and v:
            out.update(flatten(v, key))
        else:
            out[key] = v
    return out

875. Dot kalitlardan obyekt qurish (unflatten)

"a.b.c" ko'rinishidagi yassi kalitlarni qaytadan ichma-ich obyektga yig'adi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const unflatten = (flat) => {
  const out = {};
  for (const path of Object.keys(flat)) {
    const keys = path.split(".");
    let cur = out;
    keys.forEach((k, i) => {
      if (i === keys.length - 1) cur[k] = flat[path];
      else cur = cur[k] = cur[k] || {};
    });
  }
  return out;
};
PHP 
function unflatten(array $flat): array {
    $out = [];
    foreach ($flat as $path => $value) {
        $keys = explode('.', (string)$path);
        $cur = &$out;
        foreach ($keys as $i => $k) {
            if ($i === count($keys) - 1) $cur[$k] = $value;
            else {
                if (!isset($cur[$k]) || !is_array($cur[$k])) $cur[$k] = [];
                $cur = &$cur[$k];
            }
        }
        unset($cur);
    }
    return $out;
}
Python 
def unflatten(flat):
    out = {}
    for path, value in flat.items():
        keys = path.split(".")
        cur = out
        for i, k in enumerate(keys):
            if i == len(keys) - 1:
                cur[k] = value
            else:
                cur = cur.setdefault(k, {})
    return out

876. Yo'l bo'yicha olish (get by path)

"a.b.c" yo'li bilan chuqurdagi qiymatni xavfsiz oladi; topilmasa standart qiymat. ⏱ O(d) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const getByPath = (obj, path, def = undefined) => {
  const keys = Array.isArray(path) ? path : path.split(".");
  let cur = obj;
  for (const k of keys) {
    if (cur == null || !(k in cur)) return def;
    cur = cur[k];
  }
  return cur;
};
PHP 
function getByPath(array $obj, string $path, $def = null) {
    $cur = $obj;
    foreach (explode('.', $path) as $k) {
        if (!is_array($cur) || !array_key_exists($k, $cur)) return $def;
        $cur = $cur[$k];
    }
    return $cur;
}
Python 
def get_by_path(obj, path, default=None):
    keys = path.split(".") if isinstance(path, str) else path
    cur = obj
    for k in keys:
        if not isinstance(cur, dict) or k not in cur:
            return default
        cur = cur[k]
    return cur

877. Yo'l bo'yicha o'rnatish (set by path)

"a.b.c" yo'li bo'yicha qiymat yozadi; oraliq obyektlar yo'q bo'lsa yaratiladi. ⏱ O(d) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(d)

JS 

const setByPath = (obj, path, value) => {
  const keys = Array.isArray(path) ? path : path.split(".");
  let cur = obj;
  keys.forEach((k, i) => {
    if (i === keys.length - 1) cur[k] = value;
    else cur = cur[k] = isObj(cur[k]) ? cur[k] : {};
  });
  return obj;
};
PHP 
function setByPath(array $obj, string $path, $value): array {
    $keys = explode('.', $path);
    $cur = &$obj;
    foreach ($keys as $i => $k) {
        if ($i === count($keys) - 1) $cur[$k] = $value;
        else {
            if (!isset($cur[$k]) || !is_array($cur[$k])) $cur[$k] = [];
            $cur = &$cur[$k];
        }
    }
    unset($cur);
    return $obj;
}
Python 
def set_by_path(obj, path, value):
    keys = path.split(".") if isinstance(path, str) else path
    cur = obj
    for i, k in enumerate(keys):
        if i == len(keys) - 1:
            cur[k] = value
        else:
            if not isinstance(cur.get(k), dict):
                cur[k] = {}
            cur = cur[k]
    return obj

878. Kalitlarni tanlash (pick)

Berilgan kalitlar to'plamiga mos qiymatlardan yangi obyekt yig'adi. ⏱ O(k) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(k)

JS 

const pick = (obj, keys) => {
  const out = {};
  for (const k of keys) if (k in obj) out[k] = obj[k];
  return out;
};
PHP 
function pick(array $obj, array $keys): array {
    $out = [];
    foreach ($keys as $k) if (array_key_exists($k, $obj)) $out[$k] = $obj[$k];
    return $out;
}
Python 
def pick(obj, keys):
    return {k: obj[k] for k in keys if k in obj}

879. Kalitlarni chiqarib tashlash (omit)

Berilgan kalitlardan tashqari barcha juftliklarni saqlab qoladi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const omit = (obj, keys) => {
  const drop = new Set(keys);
  const out = {};
  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) if (!drop.has(k)) out[k] = obj[k];
  return out;
};
PHP 
function omit(array $obj, array $keys): array {
    return array_diff_key($obj, array_flip($keys));
}
Python 
def omit(obj, keys):
    drop = set(keys)
    return {k: v for k, v in obj.items() if k not in drop}

880. Obyekt kalitlarini camelCase qilish

first_name, last-name kabi kalitlarni firstName, lastName ko'rinishiga keltiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const toCamel = (s) => s.replace(/[_-]([a-z0-9])/g, (_, c) => c.toUpperCase());
const camelKeys = (obj) => {
  const out = {};
  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) out[toCamel(k)] = obj[k];
  return out;
};
PHP 
function toCamel(string $s): string {
    return preg_replace_callback('/[_-]([a-z0-9])/', fn($m) => strtoupper($m[1]), $s);
}
function camelKeys(array $obj): array {
    $out = [];
    foreach ($obj as $k => $v) $out[toCamel((string)$k)] = $v;
    return $out;
}
Python 
def to_camel(s):
    return re.sub(r"[_-]([a-z0-9])", lambda m: m.group(1).upper(), s)

def camel_keys(obj):
    return {to_camel(k): v for k, v in obj.items()}

881. Obyekt kalitlarini snake_case qilish

firstName kabi kalitlarni first_name ko'rinishiga keltiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const toSnake = (s) =>
  s.replace(/([A-Z])/g, "_$1").replace(/[-\s]+/g, "_").toLowerCase().replace(/^_/, "");
const snakeKeys = (obj) => {
  const out = {};
  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) out[toSnake(k)] = obj[k];
  return out;
};
PHP 
function toSnake(string $s): string {
    $s = preg_replace('/([A-Z])/', '_$1', $s);
    $s = preg_replace('/[-\s]+/', '_', $s);
    return ltrim(strtolower($s), '_');
}
function snakeKeys(array $obj): array {
    $out = [];
    foreach ($obj as $k => $v) $out[toSnake((string)$k)] = $v;
    return $out;
}
Python 
def to_snake(s):
    s = re.sub(r"([A-Z])", r"_\1", s)
    s = re.sub(r"[-\s]+", "_", s)
    return s.lower().lstrip("_")

def snake_keys(obj):
    return {to_snake(k): v for k, v in obj.items()}

882. Obyektni teskari aylantirish (invert)

Kalit va qiymatlarning o'rnini almashtiradi: {a:"x"} -> {x:"a"}. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const invert = (obj) => {
  const out = {};
  for (const k of Object.keys(obj)) out[obj[k]] = k;
  return out;
};
PHP 
function invert(array $obj): array {
    return array_flip($obj);
}
Python 
def invert(obj):
    return {v: k for k, v in obj.items()}

883. JSON stringify (oddiy)

Obyekt, massiv, son, satr va boolean qiymatlarni JSON matniga aylantiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const jsonStringify = (v) => {
  if (v === null) return "null";
  const t = typeof v;
  if (t === "number" || t === "boolean") return String(v);
  if (t === "string") return '"' + v.replace(/\\/g, "\\\\").replace(/"/g, '\\"') + '"';
  if (Array.isArray(v)) return "[" + v.map(jsonStringify).join(",") + "]";
  return "{" + Object.keys(v).map((k) => jsonStringify(k) + ":" + jsonStringify(v[k])).join(",") + "}";
};
PHP 
function jsonStringifySimple($v): string {
    if ($v === null) return 'null';
    if (is_bool($v)) return $v ? 'true' : 'false';
    if (is_int($v) || is_float($v)) return (string)$v;
    if (is_string($v)) return '"' . str_replace(['\\', '"'], ['\\\\', '\\"'], $v) . '"';
    if (array_is_list($v))
        return '[' . implode(',', array_map('jsonStringifySimple', $v)) . ']';
    $parts = [];
    foreach ($v as $k => $x) $parts[] = jsonStringifySimple((string)$k) . ':' . jsonStringifySimple($x);
    return '{' . implode(',', $parts) . '}';
}
Python 
def json_stringify(v):
    if v is None:
        return "null"
    if isinstance(v, bool):
        return "true" if v else "false"
    if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
        return str(v)
    if isinstance(v, str):
        return '"' + v.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"') + '"'
    if isinstance(v, list):
        return "[" + ",".join(json_stringify(x) for x in v) + "]"
    return "{" + ",".join(json_stringify(str(k)) + ":" + json_stringify(x)
                          for k, x in v.items()) + "}"

884. JSON parse (oddiy)

JSON matnini tilning nativ tuzilmasiga (obyekt/massiv) o'giradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const jsonParse = (s) => JSON.parse(s);
PHP 
function jsonParseSimple(string $s) {
    return json_decode($s, true);
}
Python 
import json

def json_parse(s):
    return json.loads(s)

885. Query string qurish (build)

Obyektdan key=value&key=value ko'rinishidagi URL so'rovi matnini yasaydi; null qiymatlarni tashlaydi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const buildQuery = (params) =>
  Object.keys(params)
    .filter((k) => params[k] !== undefined && params[k] !== null)
    .map((k) => encodeURIComponent(k) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[k]))
    .join("&");
PHP 
function buildQuery(array $params): string {
    $parts = [];
    foreach ($params as $k => $v) {
        if ($v === null) continue;
        $parts[] = rawurlencode((string)$k) . '=' . rawurlencode((string)$v);
    }
    return implode('&', $parts);
}
Python 
from urllib.parse import quote

def build_query(params):
    return "&".join(
        quote(str(k)) + "=" + quote(str(v))
        for k, v in params.items()
        if v is not None
    )

886. Satrni niqoblash (mask β€” karta raqami)

Karta raqamining oxirgi bir necha belgisidan boshqasini * bilan yashiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const maskCard = (s, visible = 4, ch = "*") => {
  const digits = String(s).replace(/\s/g, "");
  if (digits.length <= visible) return digits;
  return ch.repeat(digits.length - visible) + digits.slice(-visible);
};
PHP 
function maskCard(string $s, int $visible = 4, string $ch = '*'): string {
    $digits = preg_replace('/\s/', '', $s);
    $len = strlen($digits);
    if ($len <= $visible) return $digits;
    return str_repeat($ch, $len - $visible) . substr($digits, -$visible);
}
Python 
def mask_card(s, visible=4, ch="*"):
    digits = re.sub(r"\s", "", str(s))
    if len(digits) <= visible:
        return digits
    return ch * (len(digits) - visible) + digits[-visible:]

887. Satrni to'ldirish (pad left/right)

Satrni berilgan uzunlikkacha chap yoki o'ng tomondan belgilar bilan to'ldiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const padLeft = (s, len, ch = " ") => String(s).padStart(len, ch);
const padRight = (s, len, ch = " ") => String(s).padEnd(len, ch);
PHP 
function padLeft(string $s, int $len, string $ch = ' '): string {
    return str_pad($s, $len, $ch, STR_PAD_LEFT);
}
function padRight(string $s, int $len, string $ch = ' '): string {
    return str_pad($s, $len, $ch, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
}
Python 
def pad_left(s, length, ch=" "):
    return str(s).rjust(length, ch)

def pad_right(s, length, ch=" "):
    return str(s).ljust(length, ch)

888. Word wrap (matnni o'rash)

Matnni so'zlarni buzmasdan berilgan kenglikdagi qatorlarga bo'ladi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const wordWrap = (text, width) => {
  const words = text.split(/\s+/);
  const lines = [];
  let line = "";
  for (const w of words) {
    if (!line) line = w;
    else if (line.length + 1 + w.length <= width) line += " " + w;
    else { lines.push(line); line = w; }
  }
  if (line) lines.push(line);
  return lines.join("\n");
};
PHP 
function wordWrapText(string $text, int $width): string {
    $words = preg_split('/\s+/', trim($text));
    $lines = [];
    $line = '';
    foreach ($words as $w) {
        if ($line === '') $line = $w;
        elseif (strlen($line) + 1 + strlen($w) <= $width) $line .= ' ' . $w;
        else { $lines[] = $line; $line = $w; }
    }
    if ($line !== '') $lines[] = $line;
    return implode("\n", $lines);
}
Python 
def word_wrap(text, width):
    words = text.split()
    lines, line = [], ""
    for w in words:
        if not line:
            line = w
        elif len(line) + 1 + len(w) <= width:
            line += " " + w
        else:
            lines.append(line)
            line = w
    if line:
        lines.append(line)
    return "\n".join(lines)

889. HTML escape

Matndagi <, >, &, qo'shtirnoq va apostrofni xavfsiz HTML entitilariga aylantiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const htmlEscape = (s) =>
  s.replace(/&/g, "&amp;").replace(/</g, "&lt;").replace(/>/g, "&gt;")
   .replace(/"/g, "&quot;").replace(/'/g, "&#39;");
PHP 
function htmlEscapeStr(string $s): string {
    return htmlspecialchars($s, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
}
Python 
def html_escape(s):
    return (s.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")
             .replace('"', "&quot;").replace("'", "&#39;"))

890. HTML unescape

HTML entitilarni (&lt;, &amp; ...) qaytadan oddiy belgilarga o'giradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const htmlUnescape = (s) =>
  s.replace(/&lt;/g, "<").replace(/&gt;/g, ">").replace(/&quot;/g, '"')
   .replace(/&#39;/g, "'").replace(/&amp;/g, "&");
PHP 
function htmlUnescapeStr(string $s): string {
    return htmlspecialchars_decode($s, ENT_QUOTES);
}
Python 
def html_unescape(s):
    return (s.replace("&lt;", "<").replace("&gt;", ">").replace("&quot;", '"')
             .replace("&#39;", "'").replace("&amp;", "&"))

891. Regex escape

Satrdagi maxsus regex belgilarini ekranlab, uni xavfsiz literal namuna sifatida ishlatadi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const escapeRegExp = (s) => s.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
PHP 
function escapeRegExp(string $s): string {
    return preg_quote($s, '/');
}
Python 
def escape_regexp(s):
    return re.escape(s)

892. HTML teglarni olib tashlash (strip tags)

Matndan barcha <...> teglarni olib tashlab, faqat sof matnni qoldiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const stripTags = (html) => html.replace(/<[^>]*>/g, "");
PHP 
function stripTagsStr(string $html): string {
    return preg_replace('/<[^>]*>/', '', $html);
}
Python 
def strip_tags(html):
    return re.sub(r"<[^>]*>", "", html)

893. Pluralize (ko'plik)

Inglizcha so'zni son bo'yicha birlik yoki ko'plik shaklga keltiradi (oddiy qoidalar bilan). ⏱ O(1) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const pluralize = (word, count) => {
  if (count === 1) return word;
  if (/(s|x|z|ch|sh)$/i.test(word)) return word + "es";
  if (/[^aeiou]y$/i.test(word)) return word.slice(0, -1) + "ies";
  return word + "s";
};
PHP 
function pluralize(string $word, int $count): string {
    if ($count === 1) return $word;
    if (preg_match('/(s|x|z|ch|sh)$/i', $word)) return $word . 'es';
    if (preg_match('/[^aeiou]y$/i', $word)) return substr($word, 0, -1) . 'ies';
    return $word . 's';
}
Python 
def pluralize(word, count):
    if count == 1:
        return word
    if re.search(r"(s|x|z|ch|sh)$", word, re.I):
        return word + "es"
    if re.search(r"[^aeiou]y$", word, re.I):
        return word[:-1] + "ies"
    return word + "s"

894. Ordinal (1st/2nd/3rd)

Sonni tartib son qo'shimchasi bilan qaytaradi; 11–13 maxsus holatlar th bo'ladi. ⏱ O(1) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const ordinal = (n) => {
  const s = ["th", "st", "nd", "rd"], v = n % 100;
  return n + (s[(v - 20) % 10] || s[v] || s[0]);
};
PHP 
function ordinal(int $n): string {
    $v = $n % 100;
    $suf = ($v >= 11 && $v <= 13) ? 'th' : (['st', 'nd', 'rd'][($n % 10) - 1] ?? 'th');
    return $n . $suf;
}
Python 
def ordinal(n):
    v = n % 100
    if 11 <= v <= 13:
        suf = "th"
    else:
        suf = {1: "st", 2: "nd", 3: "rd"}.get(n % 10, "th")
    return f"{n}{suf}"

895. Ismdan bosh harflar (initials)

Ism-familiyadan birinchi harflarni olib, bosh harfli qisqartma yasaydi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const initials = (name, max = 2) =>
  name.trim().split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).slice(0, max)
      .map((w) => w[0].toUpperCase()).join("");
PHP 
function initials(string $name, int $max = 2): string {
    $parts = preg_split('/\s+/', trim($name), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
    $parts = array_slice($parts, 0, $max);
    return implode('', array_map(fn($w) => strtoupper(mb_substr($w, 0, 1)), $parts));
}
Python 
def initials(name, max_n=2):
    parts = name.split()[:max_n]
    return "".join(w[0].upper() for w in parts)

896. Sonni qisqartirish (1200 -> 1.2k)

Katta sonni k, M, B kabi qisqa shaklga aylantiradi. ⏱ O(1) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const abbreviateNumber = (n) => {
  const units = ["", "k", "M", "B", "T"];
  if (Math.abs(n) < 1000) return String(n);
  const i = Math.min(units.length - 1, Math.floor(Math.log10(Math.abs(n)) / 3));
  const val = n / 1000 ** i;
  return (Math.round(val * 10) / 10) + units[i];
};
PHP 
function abbreviateNumber($n): string {
    $units = ['', 'k', 'M', 'B', 'T'];
    if (abs($n) < 1000) return (string)$n;
    $i = min(count($units) - 1, (int)floor(log10(abs($n)) / 3));
    $val = $n / (1000 ** $i);
    return rtrim(rtrim(number_format(round($val, 1), 1, '.', ''), '0'), '.') . $units[$i];
}
Python 
def abbreviate_number(n):
    units = ["", "k", "M", "B", "T"]
    if abs(n) < 1000:
        return str(n)
    i = min(len(units) - 1, int(math.log10(abs(n)) // 3))
    val = round(n / 1000 ** i, 1)
    return f"{val:g}" + units[i]

897. Qidiruv so'zini ajratib ko'rsatish (highlight)

Matndagi qidiruv so'zining barcha (registrga befarq) uchrashlarini belgilar bilan o'raydi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const highlight = (text, term, [a, b] = ["[", "]"]) => {
  if (!term) return text;
  const re = new RegExp(escapeRegExp(term), "gi");
  return text.replace(re, (m) => a + m + b);
};
PHP 
function highlight(string $text, string $term, string $a = '[', string $b = ']'): string {
    if ($term === '') return $text;
    return preg_replace('/' . escapeRegExp($term) . '/i', $a . '$0' . $b, $text);
}
Python 
def highlight(text, term, wrap=("[", "]")):
    if not term:
        return text
    a, b = wrap
    return re.sub(escape_regexp(term), lambda m: a + m.group(0) + b, text, flags=re.I)

898. Sentence case

Matnni jumla boshlari bosh harf bo'ladigan ko'rinishga keltiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const sentenceCase = (s) =>
  s.toLowerCase().replace(/(^\s*\w|[.!?]\s+\w)/g, (c) => c.toUpperCase());
PHP 
function sentenceCase(string $s): string {
    $s = strtolower($s);
    return preg_replace_callback('/(^\s*\w|[.!?]\s+\w)/', fn($m) => strtoupper($m[0]), $s);
}
Python 
def sentence_case(s):
    s = s.lower()
    return re.sub(r"(^\s*\w|[.!?]\s+\w)", lambda m: m.group(0).upper(), s)

899. Fayl nomini tozalash (sanitize filename)

Fayl nomidan xavfli belgilarni (/ \ : * ? " < >) olib tashlab, xavfsiz nomga aylantiradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(n)

JS 

const sanitizeFilename = (name) =>
  name.replace(/[/\\?%*:|"<>]/g, "_")
      .replace(/\s+/g, "_")
      .replace(/_+/g, "_")
      .replace(/^[_.]+|[_.]+$/g, "")
      .slice(0, 255) || "file";
PHP 
function sanitizeFilename(string $name): string {
    $name = preg_replace('/[\/\\\\?%*:|"<>]/', '_', $name);
    $name = preg_replace('/\s+/', '_', $name);
    $name = preg_replace('/_+/', '_', $name);
    $name = trim($name, '_.');
    $name = substr($name, 0, 255);
    return $name === '' ? 'file' : $name;
}
Python 
def sanitize_filename(name):
    name = re.sub(r'[/\\?%*:|"<>]', "_", name)
    name = re.sub(r"\s+", "_", name)
    name = re.sub(r"_+", "_", name)
    name = name.strip("_.")[:255]
    return name or "file"

900. Parse boolean ("true"/"1"/"yes")

Matnli qiymatni boolean'ga aylantiradi: true, 1, yes, y, on -> true. ⏱ O(1) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const parseBoolean = (v) => {
  if (typeof v === "boolean") return v;
  return /^(true|1|yes|y|on)$/i.test(String(v).trim());
};
PHP 
function parseBoolean($v): bool {
    if (is_bool($v)) return $v;
    return (bool)preg_match('/^(true|1|yes|y|on)$/i', trim((string)$v));
}
Python 
def parse_boolean(v):
    if isinstance(v, bool):
        return v
    return bool(re.match(r"^(true|1|yes|y|on)$", str(v).strip(), re.I))

901. Sana farqini "insoniy" ko'rsatish (date diff humanize)

Ikki sana orasidagi farqni "3 kun oldin", "2 soat oldin" ko'rinishida qaytaradi.

JS 

const humanizeDiff = (from, to = new Date()) => {
  const sec = Math.round((to - from) / 1000);
  const past = sec >= 0;
  const s = Math.abs(sec);
  const units = [[31536000, "yil"], [2592000, "oy"], [86400, "kun"],
    [3600, "soat"], [60, "daqiqa"], [1, "soniya"]];
  for (const [secs, name] of units) {
    if (s >= secs) {
      const n = Math.floor(s / secs);
      return past ? `${n} ${name} oldin` : `${n} ${name}dan keyin`;
    }
  }
  return "hozir";
};
PHP 
function humanizeDiff(int $fromTs, ?int $toTs = null): string {
    $toTs ??= time();
    $sec = $toTs - $fromTs;
    $past = $sec >= 0;
    $s = abs($sec);
    $units = [31536000 => "yil", 2592000 => "oy", 86400 => "kun",
        3600 => "soat", 60 => "daqiqa", 1 => "soniya"];
    foreach ($units as $secs => $name) {
        if ($s >= $secs) {
            $n = intdiv($s, $secs);
            return $past ? "$n $name oldin" : "$n {$name}dan keyin";
        }
    }
    return "hozir";
}
Python 
import time

def humanize_diff(from_ts, to_ts=None):
    to_ts = time.time() if to_ts is None else to_ts
    sec = to_ts - from_ts
    past = sec >= 0
    s = abs(sec)
    units = [(31536000, "yil"), (2592000, "oy"), (86400, "kun"),
             (3600, "soat"), (60, "daqiqa"), (1, "soniya")]
    for secs, name in units:
        if s >= secs:
            n = int(s // secs)
            return f"{n} {name} oldin" if past else f"{n} {name}dan keyin"
    return "hozir"

902. Nisbiy vaqt formati (relative time format)

Berilgan sekundlik farqni qisqa nisbiy yorliqqa aylantiradi ("just now", "5m", "2h", "3d").

JS 

const relativeTime = (diffSec) => {
  const s = Math.abs(diffSec);
  if (s < 60) return "hozirgina";
  const table = [[86400, "k"], [3600, "s"], [60, "d"]];
  for (const [secs, suf] of table)
    if (s >= secs) return `${Math.floor(s / secs)}${suf}`;
  return "hozirgina";
};
Python 
def relative_time(diff_sec):
    s = abs(diff_sec)
    if s < 60:
        return "hozirgina"
    for secs, suf in ((86400, "k"), (3600, "s"), (60, "d")):
        if s >= secs:
            return f"{s // secs}{suf}"
    return "hozirgina"

903. Davomiylikni parse qilish ("1h30m" -> sekund)

"1h30m", "45s", "2d12h" kabi qatorni umumiy sekundga aylantiradi.

JS 

const parseDuration = (str) => {
  const mult = { d: 86400, h: 3600, m: 60, s: 1 };
  let total = 0;
  const re = /(\d+)([dhms])/g;
  let m;
  while ((m = re.exec(str)) !== null) total += Number(m[1]) * mult[m[2]];
  return total;
};
PHP 
function parseDuration(string $str): int {
    $mult = ["d" => 86400, "h" => 3600, "m" => 60, "s" => 1];
    $total = 0;
    preg_match_all('/(\d+)([dhms])/', $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
    foreach ($matches as $m) $total += (int)$m[1] * $mult[$m[2]];
    return $total;
}
Python 
import re

def parse_duration(s):
    mult = {"d": 86400, "h": 3600, "m": 60, "s": 1}
    return sum(int(n) * mult[u] for n, u in re.findall(r"(\d+)([dhms])", s))

904. Davomiylikni formatlash (sekund -> "1s 30d")

Umumiy sekundni o'qiladigan "1s 30d 15soniya" ko'rinishidagi qatorga aylantiradi.

JS 

const formatDuration = (sec) => {
  const units = [[86400, "kun"], [3600, "s"], [60, "d"], [1, "soniya"]];
  const parts = [];
  let rem = sec;
  for (const [secs, name] of units) {
    const n = Math.floor(rem / secs);
    if (n > 0) { parts.push(`${n}${name}`); rem -= n * secs; }
  }
  return parts.length ? parts.join(" ") : "0soniya";
};
PHP 
function formatDuration(int $sec): string {
    $units = [86400 => "kun", 3600 => "s", 60 => "d", 1 => "soniya"];
    $parts = [];
    $rem = $sec;
    foreach ($units as $secs => $name) {
        $n = intdiv($rem, $secs);
        if ($n > 0) { $parts[] = "$n$name"; $rem -= $n * $secs; }
    }
    return $parts ? implode(" ", $parts) : "0soniya";
}
Python 
def format_duration(sec):
    units = [(86400, "kun"), (3600, "s"), (60, "d"), (1, "soniya")]
    parts, rem = [], sec
    for secs, name in units:
        n, rem = divmod(rem, secs) if False else (rem // secs, rem - (rem // secs) * secs)
        if n > 0:
            parts.append(f"{n}{name}")
    return " ".join(parts) if parts else "0soniya"

905. Ikki sana orasidagi ish kunlari soni (business days)

Dam olish kunlarini (shanba, yakshanba) chiqarib tashlab, ish kunlarini sanaydi. ⏱ O(kunlar) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const businessDays = (start, end) => {
  let count = 0;
  const d = new Date(start);
  while (d <= end) {
    const wd = d.getDay();
    if (wd !== 0 && wd !== 6) count++;
    d.setDate(d.getDate() + 1);
  }
  return count;
};
Python 
from datetime import date, timedelta

def business_days(start, end):
    count, d = 0, start
    while d <= end:
        if d.weekday() < 5:
            count += 1
        d += timedelta(days=1)
    return count

906. Ish kunlarini qo'shish (add business days)

Sanaga berilgan miqdordagi ish kunini qo'shadi, dam olish kunlarini o'tkazib yuboradi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const addBusinessDays = (start, n) => {
  const d = new Date(start);
  let added = 0;
  while (added < n) {
    d.setDate(d.getDate() + 1);
    const wd = d.getDay();
    if (wd !== 0 && wd !== 6) added++;
  }
  return d;
};
Python 
from datetime import timedelta

def add_business_days(start, n):
    d, added = start, 0
    while added < n:
        d += timedelta(days=1)
        if d.weekday() < 5:
            added += 1
    return d

907. Dam olish kunimi (is weekend)

Sana shanba yoki yakshanbaga to'g'ri kelsa rost qaytaradi.

JS 

const isWeekend = (date) => {
  const wd = date.getDay();
  return wd === 0 || wd === 6;
};
PHP 
function isWeekend(int $ts): bool {
    $wd = (int)date("N", $ts); // 6=shanba, 7=yakshanba
    return $wd >= 6;
}
Python 
def is_weekend(d):
    return d.weekday() >= 5  # 5=shanba, 6=yakshanba

908. ISO hafta raqami (ISO week number)

Sananing ISO-8601 bo'yicha yil ichidagi hafta raqamini hisoblaydi.

JS 

const isoWeek = (date) => {
  const d = new Date(Date.UTC(date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth(), date.getDate()));
  const dayNum = d.getUTCDay() || 7;
  d.setUTCDate(d.getUTCDate() + 4 - dayNum);
  const yearStart = new Date(Date.UTC(d.getUTCFullYear(), 0, 1));
  return Math.ceil(((d - yearStart) / 86400000 + 1) / 7);
};
Python 
def iso_week(d):
    return d.isocalendar()[1]

909. Sananing choragi (quarter)

Sana yilning nechanchi choragiga (1-4) tegishli ekanini qaytaradi.

JS 

const quarterOf = (date) => Math.floor(date.getMonth() / 3) + 1;
PHP 
function quarterOf(int $ts): int {
    return intdiv((int)date("n", $ts) - 1, 3) + 1;
}
Python 
def quarter_of(d):
    return (d.month - 1) // 3 + 1

910. Yildagi kunlar soni (days in year)

Yil kabisa yili bo'lsa 366, aks holda 365 qaytaradi.

JS 

const daysInYear = (year) => {
  const leap = (year % 4 === 0 && year % 100 !== 0) || year % 400 === 0;
  return leap ? 366 : 365;
};
PHP 
function daysInYear(int $year): int {
    $leap = ($year % 4 === 0 && $year % 100 !== 0) || $year % 400 === 0;
    return $leap ? 366 : 365;
}
Python 
import calendar

def days_in_year(year):
    return 366 if calendar.isleap(year) else 365

911. HEX rangni RGB ga aylantirish (hex -> rgb)

"#ff8800" yoki "f80" qatorini [r, g, b] uchligiga aylantiradi.

JS 

const hexToRgb = (hex) => {
  let h = hex.replace(/^#/, "");
  if (h.length === 3) h = h.split("").map((c) => c + c).join("");
  const num = parseInt(h, 16);
  return [(num >> 16) & 255, (num >> 8) & 255, num & 255];
};
PHP 
function hexToRgb(string $hex): array {
    $h = ltrim($hex, "#");
    if (strlen($h) === 3) $h = $h[0].$h[0].$h[1].$h[1].$h[2].$h[2];
    $num = hexdec($h);
    return [($num >> 16) & 255, ($num >> 8) & 255, $num & 255];
}
Python 
def hex_to_rgb(hex_str):
    h = hex_str.lstrip("#")
    if len(h) == 3:
        h = "".join(c * 2 for c in h)
    return tuple(int(h[i:i + 2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))

912. RGB rangni HEX ga aylantirish (rgb -> hex)

[r, g, b] qiymatlarini "#rrggbb" qatoriga aylantiradi.

JS 

const rgbToHex = (r, g, b) =>
  "#" + [r, g, b].map((v) => v.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
PHP 
function rgbToHex(int $r, int $g, int $b): string {
    return sprintf("#%02x%02x%02x", $r, $g, $b);
}
Python 
def rgb_to_hex(r, g, b):
    return f"#{r:02x}{g:02x}{b:02x}"

913. RGB rangni HSL ga aylantirish (rgb -> hsl)

RGB ranglarini ottenok (H), to'yinganlik (S) va yorqinlik (L) qiymatlariga aylantiradi.

JS 

const rgbToHsl = (r, g, b) => {
  r /= 255; g /= 255; b /= 255;
  const max = Math.max(r, g, b), min = Math.min(r, g, b);
  const l = (max + min) / 2;
  let h = 0, s = 0;
  if (max !== min) {
    const d = max - min;
    s = l > 0.5 ? d / (2 - max - min) : d / (max + min);
    if (max === r) h = ((g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6 : 0));
    else if (max === g) h = (b - r) / d + 2;
    else h = (r - g) / d + 4;
    h /= 6;
  }
  return [Math.round(h * 360), Math.round(s * 100), Math.round(l * 100)];
};
Python 
def rgb_to_hsl(r, g, b):
    r, g, b = r / 255, g / 255, b / 255
    mx, mn = max(r, g, b), min(r, g, b)
    l = (mx + mn) / 2
    h = s = 0.0
    if mx != mn:
        d = mx - mn
        s = d / (2 - mx - mn) if l > 0.5 else d / (mx + mn)
        if mx == r:
            h = (g - b) / d + (6 if g < b else 0)
        elif mx == g:
            h = (b - r) / d + 2
        else:
            h = (r - g) / d + 4
        h /= 6
    return [round(h * 360), round(s * 100), round(l * 100)]

914. HSL rangni RGB ga aylantirish (hsl -> rgb)

H (0-360), S va L (0-100) qiymatlaridan [r, g, b] hosil qiladi.

JS 

const hslToRgb = (h, s, l) => {
  h /= 360; s /= 100; l /= 100;
  const hue = (p, q, t) => {
    if (t < 0) t += 1;
    if (t > 1) t -= 1;
    if (t < 1 / 6) return p + (q - p) * 6 * t;
    if (t < 1 / 2) return q;
    if (t < 2 / 3) return p + (q - p) * (2 / 3 - t) * 6;
    return p;
  };
  if (s === 0) { const v = Math.round(l * 255); return [v, v, v]; }
  const q = l < 0.5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
  const p = 2 * l - q;
  return [hue(p, q, h + 1 / 3), hue(p, q, h), hue(p, q, h - 1 / 3)]
    .map((v) => Math.round(v * 255));
};
Python 
def hsl_to_rgb(h, s, l):
    h, s, l = h / 360, s / 100, l / 100

    def hue(p, q, t):
        t %= 1
        if t < 1 / 6:
            return p + (q - p) * 6 * t
        if t < 1 / 2:
            return q
        if t < 2 / 3:
            return p + (q - p) * (2 / 3 - t) * 6
        return p

    if s == 0:
        v = round(l * 255)
        return [v, v, v]
    q = l * (1 + s) if l < 0.5 else l + s - l * s
    p = 2 * l - q
    return [round(hue(p, q, h + 1 / 3) * 255),
            round(hue(p, q, h) * 255),
            round(hue(p, q, h - 1 / 3) * 255)]

915. Valyutani formatlash (1234.5 -> "$1,234.50")

Sonni minglik ajratgich va ikki kasrli pul ko'rinishida formatlaydi.

JS 

const formatCurrency = (amount, symbol = "$") => {
  const fixed = amount.toFixed(2);
  const [int, dec] = fixed.split(".");
  const grouped = int.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",");
  return `${symbol}${grouped}.${dec}`;
};
PHP 
function formatCurrency(float $amount, string $symbol = "$"): string {
    return $symbol . number_format($amount, 2, ".", ",");
}
Python 
def format_currency(amount, symbol="$"):
    return f"{symbol}{amount:,.2f}"

916. Valyutani parse qilish ("$1,234.50" -> 1234.5)

Pul qatoridan belgilar va ajratgichlarni olib tashlab, son qaytaradi.

JS 

const parseCurrency = (str) => parseFloat(str.replace(/[^0-9.-]/g, ""));
PHP 
function parseCurrency(string $str): float {
    return (float)preg_replace('/[^0-9.\-]/', "", $str);
}
Python 
import re

def parse_currency(s):
    return float(re.sub(r"[^0-9.\-]", "", s))

917. Harorat konvertori (C / F / K)

Haroratni bir o'lchov birligidan boshqasiga aylantiradi.

JS 

const convertTemp = (value, from, to) => {
  const toC = { C: (v) => v, F: (v) => (v - 32) * 5 / 9, K: (v) => v - 273.15 };
  const fromC = { C: (v) => v, F: (v) => v * 9 / 5 + 32, K: (v) => v + 273.15 };
  return fromC[to](toC[from](value));
};
Python 
def convert_temp(value, src, dst):
    to_c = {"C": lambda v: v, "F": lambda v: (v - 32) * 5 / 9, "K": lambda v: v - 273.15}
    from_c = {"C": lambda v: v, "F": lambda v: v * 9 / 5 + 32, "K": lambda v: v + 273.15}
    return from_c[dst](to_c[src](value))

918. Uzunlik o'lchov konvertori (m / km / mile)

Uzunlikni metr orqali har qanday ikki birlik orasida aylantiradi.

JS 

const convertLength = (value, from, to) => {
  const toM = { m: 1, km: 1000, mile: 1609.344, ft: 0.3048 };
  return (value * toM[from]) / toM[to];
};
Python 
def convert_length(value, src, dst):
    to_m = {"m": 1, "km": 1000, "mile": 1609.344, "ft": 0.3048}
    return value * to_m[src] / to_m[dst]

919. Og'irlik konvertori (kg / lb / oz)

Og'irlikni kilogramm orqali turli birliklar orasida aylantiradi.

JS 

const convertWeight = (value, from, to) => {
  const toKg = { kg: 1, g: 0.001, lb: 0.45359237, oz: 0.028349523 };
  return (value * toKg[from]) / toKg[to];
};
Python 
def convert_weight(value, src, dst):
    to_kg = {"kg": 1, "g": 0.001, "lb": 0.45359237, "oz": 0.028349523}
    return value * to_kg[src] / to_kg[dst]

920. Sonni tartib so'zga aylantirish (ordinal)

Sonni "birinchi"/"first" kabi tartib so'ziga aylantiradi (inglizcha suffiks bilan).

JS 

const ordinalEn = (n) => {
  const s = ["th", "st", "nd", "rd"];
  const v = n % 100;
  return n + (s[(v - 20) % 10] || s[v] || s[0]);
};
PHP 
function ordinalEn(int $n): string {
    $s = ["th", "st", "nd", "rd"];
    $v = $n % 100;
    $suf = $s[($v - 20) % 10] ?? $s[$v] ?? $s[0];
    return $n . $suf;
}
Python 
def ordinal_en(n):
    suffixes = ["th", "st", "nd", "rd"]
    v = n % 100
    if 11 <= v <= 13:
        suf = "th"
    else:
        suf = suffixes[v % 10] if v % 10 < 4 else "th"
    return f"{n}{suf}"

921. Nisbatni soddalashtirish (simplify ratio, gcd bilan)

Ikki sonni eng katta umumiy bo'luvchiga (gcd) bo'lib, nisbatni soddalashtiradi. ⏱ O(log min(a,b)) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const simplifyRatio = (a, b) => {
  const gcd = (x, y) => (y === 0 ? x : gcd(y, x % y));
  const g = gcd(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b)) || 1;
  return [a / g, b / g];
};
PHP 
function simplifyRatio(int $a, int $b): array {
    $gcd = function ($x, $y) use (&$gcd) {
        return $y === 0 ? $x : $gcd($y, $x % $y);
    };
    $g = $gcd(abs($a), abs($b)) ?: 1;
    return [intdiv($a, $g), intdiv($b, $g)];
}
Python 
from math import gcd

def simplify_ratio(a, b):
    g = gcd(a, b) or 1
    return (a // g, b // g)

922. Chegaralash (clamp)

Qiymatni berilgan [min, max] oralig'iga "qisib" qaytaradi.

JS 

const clamp = (value, lo, hi) => Math.max(lo, Math.min(hi, value));
PHP 
function clamp(float $value, float $lo, float $hi): float {
    return max($lo, min($hi, $value));
}
Python 
def clamp(value, lo, hi):
    return max(lo, min(hi, value))

923. O'nlik kasrgacha yaxlitlash (round to decimals)

Sonni berilgan o'nlik xona soniga to'g'ri yaxlitlaydi.

JS 

const roundTo = (value, decimals = 2) => {
  const f = 10 ** decimals;
  return Math.round((value + Number.EPSILON) * f) / f;
};
PHP 
function roundTo(float $value, int $decimals = 2): float {
    return round($value, $decimals);
}
Python 
def round_to(value, decimals=2):
    return round(value, decimals)

924. Diapazonda tasodifiy butun son (random int)

[min, max] (ikkalasi ham kiritilgan) oralig'ida tasodifiy butun son qaytaradi.

JS 

const randomInt = (min, max) =>
  Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
PHP 
function randomInt2(int $min, int $max): int {
    return random_int($min, $max);
}
Python 
import random

def random_int(lo, hi):
    return random.randint(lo, hi)

925. Og'irlikli tasodifiy tanlov (weighted random)

Har bir elementning vazniga mutanosib ehtimollik bilan bittasini tanlaydi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const weightedChoice = (items, weights) => {
  const total = weights.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
  let r = Math.random() * total;
  for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
    r -= weights[i];
    if (r < 0) return items[i];
  }
  return items[items.length - 1];
};
Python 
import random

def weighted_choice(items, weights):
    return random.choices(items, weights=weights, k=1)[0]

926. OTP generatsiya (6 raqamli)

Bir martalik 6 raqamli kodni (kerak bo'lsa boshida nol bilan) generatsiya qiladi.

JS 

const generateOtp = (digits = 6) => {
  const max = 10 ** digits;
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * max).toString().padStart(digits, "0");
};
PHP 
function generateOtp(int $digits = 6): string {
    $max = (10 ** $digits) - 1;
    return str_pad((string)random_int(0, $max), $digits, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
}
Python 
import random

def generate_otp(digits=6):
    return str(random.randint(0, 10 ** digits - 1)).zfill(digits)

927. Fayl hajmini formatlash (human-readable bytes)

Baytlar sonini "1.5 KB", "3.2 MB" ko'rinishidagi o'qiladigan qatorga aylantiradi.

JS 

const formatBytes = (bytes, decimals = 1) => {
  if (bytes === 0) return "0 B";
  const units = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB"];
  const i = Math.floor(Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(1024));
  const value = bytes / 1024 ** i;
  return `${value.toFixed(i === 0 ? 0 : decimals)} ${units[i]}`;
};
PHP 
function formatBytes(int $bytes, int $decimals = 1): string {
    if ($bytes === 0) return "0 B";
    $units = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB"];
    $i = (int)floor(log($bytes) / log(1024));
    $value = $bytes / (1024 ** $i);
    return number_format($value, $i === 0 ? 0 : $decimals) . " " . $units[$i];
}
Python 
import math

def format_bytes(num_bytes, decimals=1):
    if num_bytes == 0:
        return "0 B"
    units = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB"]
    i = int(math.floor(math.log(num_bytes, 1024)))
    value = num_bytes / 1024 ** i
    return f"{value:.{0 if i == 0 else decimals}f} {units[i]}"

928. Fayl kengaytmasini ajratish (file extension)

Fayl nomidan kengaytmani (nuqtadan keyingi qismni) kichik harfda ajratadi.

JS 

const fileExtension = (name) => {
  const i = name.lastIndexOf(".");
  return i > 0 ? name.slice(i + 1).toLowerCase() : "";
};
PHP 
function fileExtension(string $name): string {
    return strtolower(pathinfo($name, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
}
Python 
import os

def file_extension(name):
    return os.path.splitext(name)[1].lstrip(".").lower()

929. Kengaytmadan MIME turi (mime from extension)

Fayl kengaytmasiga qarab tegishli MIME turini qaytaradi.

JS 

const mimeType = (ext) => {
  const map = {
    txt: "text/plain", html: "text/html", json: "application/json",
    png: "image/png", jpg: "image/jpeg", jpeg: "image/jpeg",
    pdf: "application/pdf", csv: "text/csv",
  };
  return map[ext.toLowerCase()] || "application/octet-stream";
};
PHP 
function mimeType(string $ext): string {
    $map = [
        "txt" => "text/plain", "html" => "text/html", "json" => "application/json",
        "png" => "image/png", "jpg" => "image/jpeg", "jpeg" => "image/jpeg",
        "pdf" => "application/pdf", "csv" => "text/csv",
    ];
    return $map[strtolower($ext)] ?? "application/octet-stream";
}
Python 
def mime_type(ext):
    table = {
        "txt": "text/plain", "html": "text/html", "json": "application/json",
        "png": "image/png", "jpg": "image/jpeg", "jpeg": "image/jpeg",
        "pdf": "application/pdf", "csv": "text/csv",
    }
    return table.get(ext.lower(), "application/octet-stream")

930. O'qish vaqtini baholash (reading time)

Matndagi so'zlar soniga qarab o'qish uchun ketadigan daqiqalarni baholaydi. ⏱ O(n) Β· πŸ’Ύ O(1)

JS 

const readingTime = (text, wpm = 200) => {
  const words = text.trim().split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
  return Math.max(1, Math.ceil(words / wpm));
};
PHP 
function readingTime(string $text, int $wpm = 200): int {
    $words = count(preg_split('/\s+/', trim($text), -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));
    return max(1, (int)ceil($words / $wpm));
}
Python 
import math

def reading_time(text, wpm=200):
    words = len(text.split())
    return max(1, math.ceil(words / wpm))