Telegram bot (JavaScript / grammY) — 0 dan Expertgacha¶

Bu kitob JavaScript va Node.js asoslarini biladigan o'quvchini Telegram bot yozish bo'yicha noldan ishonchli darajaga olib chiqadi. Oddiy echo botdan boshlab — handler va Composer, filtrlar (filter queries), klaviaturalar, callback, conversations (suhbatlar), middleware, sessiya va ma'lumotlar bazasi, to'lovlar, webhook va deploy orqali — yakuniy to'liq botgacha; so'ng real amaliyot: guruh/kanal boshqaruvi, majburiy obuna, Telegram Mini App integratsiyasi va Hamster uslubidagi clicker o'yin kapstoni. Hamma kod grammY 1.x (zamonaviy, ESM, async/await) bilan yoziladi.

🤖 grammY 1.x. Bu kitob faqat grammY idiomidan foydalanadi (Bot, bot.command, bot.on("message:text") filter query, Composer, InlineKeyboard/Keyboard quruvchilari, @grammyjs/conversations v2 plugini). Internetdagi Telegraf (ctx.scene, bot.on("text")) yoki node-telegram-bot-api misollari bu yerda ishlamaydi — grammY API'si boshqacha, ehtiyot bo'ling.

⚠️ HALOL eslatma. Botning mantig'i — handlerlar, Composer, filter query'lar, conversations, klaviaturalar, callback, middleware va sessiya — offline ishga tushirib tekshirilgan (soxta Update ni bot.handleUpdate ga uzatib va API chaqiruvlarini transformer bilan ushlab). Ammo jonli ishlash — Telegram'ga polling/xabar yuborish, webhook qabul qilish, to'lovlar — @BotFather dan olingan token va internet talab qiladi; bu bloklar to'g'ri, lekin matnda "illustrativ" deb belgilangan. Botingizni o'z tokeningiz bilan ishga tushiring.

ℹ️ Bu kitob siz JavaScript va Node.js asoslarini (async/await, Promise, ESM import, npm, obyekt/massiv) bilasiz deb hisoblaydi. JS/Node yangi bo'lsa, avval JavaScript — 0 dan Expertgacha va Node.js — 0 dan Expertgacha kitoblarini o'qing.

Qanday o'qish kerak¶

Boblarni tartib bilan o'qing (01 → 02 → ...). Har biri oldingisiga tayanadi.
@BotFather dan token oling (/newbot) va uni .env (BOT_TOKEN) da saqlang — hech qachon kodga yozmang.
Har bir misolni o'zingiz tering va o'z botingizda sinab ko'ring — bot o'qib emas, yozib o'rganiladi.
conversations, middleware va DB kabi mavzular amaliyotsiz mavhum tuyuladi — har bir handlerni o'zingiz ishga tushiring.

Talab¶

Kerak	Daraja
JavaScript asoslari (`async/await`, `Promise`, ESM)	Shart
Node.js 18+ va `npm`	Shart
Telegram hisobi va `@BotFather` token	Shart (jonli sinov uchun)
Terminal bilan tanishlik	Foydali
SQL/ma'lumotlar bazasi asoslari	Foydali

Mundarija¶

I qism — Asoslar¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
01	Telegram botlar va grammY bilan tanishuv	Bot nima, Bot API qanday ishlaydi, `@BotFather` token, polling vs webhook, grammY nega va Telegraf'dan farqi.
02	Birinchi bot: echo va /start	Minimal bot: `new Bot`, `bot.command`, `bot.on`, `bot.start()`, token `.env` da, `ctx.reply`.
03	Update'lar, handlerlar va Composer	`ctx` obyekti, `bot.use`, `Composer` bilan modullash, `next()`, handler tartibi, middleware daraxti.
04	Filtrlar va buyruqlar (filter queries)	`bot.command`, deep-link payload, `bot.hears`, filter query (`message:text`, `:photo`), maxsus filtr (`bot.filter`).

II qism — Foydalanuvchi bilan muloqot¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
05	Xabar yuborish, formatlash va media	`ctx.reply`/`reply_parameters`, parse_mode (HTML/MarkdownV2), `InputFile`, media (rasm/hujjat/audio), albom.
06	Klaviaturalar: reply va inline	`Keyboard`, `InlineKeyboard` quruvchilari, callback tugmalar, `.resized()`/`.oneTime()`, klaviaturani olib tashlash.
07	Callback query va inline rejim	`bot.callbackQuery`, `ctx.answerCallbackQuery`, xabarni tahrirlash, pagination, `bot.inlineQuery`.
08	Conversations — suhbatlar (ko'p qadamli forma)	`@grammyjs/conversations` v2, `createConversation`, `conversation.wait`/`waitFor`, `conversation.external`, `conversation.form`.

III qism — Arxitektura va ma'lumot¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
09	Middleware va Composer daraxti	`bot.use`, `next()`, o'tish/to'xtatish, `Composer`, `bot.errorBoundary`, throttling, logging.
10	Sessiya va ma'lumotlar bazasi	`session()` middleware, storage adapter (file/DB), `better-sqlite3`, foydalanuvchilarni saqlash, repository.
11	Loyiha tuzilishi va konfiguratsiya	Katta botni modullash (handlers/keyboards/conversations/services), `.env` config, context flavor.
12	Maxsus xususiyatlar va plaginlar	Fayl yuklab olish (`getFile`/`download`), `@grammyjs/menu`, buyruqlar menyusi, `@grammyjs/hydrate`, WebApp tugma.

IV qism — Ilg'or¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
13	Webhook va deploy server	Polling vs webhook chuqur, `webhookCallback`, Express/Hono server, `bot.api.setWebhook`, qachon qaysi.
14	To'lovlar va Telegram Stars	`replyWithInvoice`, `pre_checkout_query`, `successful_payment`, provider token, Telegram Stars (XTR).
15	Rejalashtirilgan vazifalar va broadcast	`node-cron` bilan rejali xabar, `@grammyjs/runner` bilan konkurensiya, ommaviy tarqatish, flood-control, `@grammyjs/auto-retry`.

V qism — Sifat va deploy¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
16	Testlash va xatolarni boshqarish	Handlerlarni offline test (`handleUpdate` + transformer mock), Vitest, `bot.catch`, `GrammyError`/`HttpError`.
17	Production va deploy	VPS, Docker, pm2/systemd, `@grammyjs/runner`, sirlar/.env, polling vs webhook prod, graceful shutdown.
18	Yakuniy kapston: to'liq bot	Boshidan oxirigacha to'liq bot: conversation forma, sessiya/DB, klaviatura, middleware, admin, deploy. Yo'l yakuni.

VI qism — Guruh, kanal va Mini App (real amaliyot)¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
19	Guruhlarda ishlash	Guruh turlari, privacy mode, `getChatMember` bilan a'zo/admin tekshirish, `my_chat_member`, `bot.chatType`.
20	Guruh moderatsiyasi	Welcome (`chat_member`), ban/kick/mute (`banChatMember`/`restrictChatMember` + `ChatPermissions`), admin-filtr, captcha.
21	Kanallar bilan ishlash	Kanalga post, `channel_post`, linked discussion group, `forwardMessage`/`copyMessage`, reaksiyalar (`bot.reaction`).
22	Majburiy obuna	Obuna middleware, gate klaviatura, bir nechta kanal, private kanal (`chat_join_request`), kesh.
23	Telegram Web App (Mini App) asoslari	`WebAppInfo`, 3 tugma turi, `telegram-web-app.js` SDK, `sendData` → `bot.on("message:web_app_data")`.
24	Web App xavfsizligi: initData	initData HMAC validatsiya (Node `crypto`), `data_check_string`, replay himoyasi, serverda tekshirish.
25	Mini App backend	Hono/Express backend, har so'rovda initData auth, DB holat, bot↔WebApp↔backend uchburchagi.
26	Kapston: Hamster uslubidagi clicker Mini App	Tap-to-earn: balans/energiya/upgrade, anti-cheat (serverda hisoblanadi), to'liq loyiha.

Muallif¶

Oqil Imomnazarov — ioqil.uz · Telegram · YouTube

Kitob bepul tarqatiladi (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Savdo qilish taqiqlanadi.