Telegram bot (PHP / Nutgram) — 0 dan Expertgacha¶

Bu kitob PHP biladigan dasturchini Telegram bot yozish bo'yicha noldan ekspert darajaga olib chiqadi. Oddiy echo botdan boshlab — handler va routing, filtrlar, klaviaturalar, callback, conversations (suhbat / FSM), middleware, ma'lumotlar bazasi, to'lovlar, webhook va deploy orqali — to'liq botgacha; so'ng real amaliyot: guruh/kanal boshqaruvi, majburiy obuna, Telegram Mini App integratsiyasi va Hamster uslubidagi clicker o'yin kapstoni. Hamma kod Nutgram 4.x freymvorki bilan yoziladi.

🤖 Nutgram. Bu kitob Nutgram (zamonaviy PHP 8 Telegram bot freymvorki) dan foydalanadi: fluent handlerlar, conversations, middleware, klaviatura quruvchilar va FakeNutgram — tokensiz, tarmoqsiz test vositasi.

⚠️ HALOL eslatma. Botning mantig'i — handlerlar, conversations, middleware, klaviaturalar, callback va ma'lumotlar bazasi — offline ishga tushirib tekshirilgan (Nutgram::fake() + PHPUnit, mock update'lar bilan). Ammo jonli ishlash — Telegram'ga polling/xabar yuborish, webhook, to'lovlar, guruhda ban — @BotFather dan olingan token va internet (Mini App uchun HTTPS hosting) talab qiladi; bu bloklar to'g'ri, lekin matnda "illustrativ" deb belgilangan.

ℹ️ Bu kitob siz PHP asoslarini (sinf, namespace, composer, closure, type hints, PDO) bilasiz deb hisoblaydi. PHP yangi bo'lsa, avval PHP qo'llanmasini o'qing. Chuqurroq mavzular uchun PHP Expert treki bor.

Qanday o'qish kerak¶

Boblarni tartib bilan o'qing (01 → 02 → ...). Har biri oldingisiga tayanadi.
@BotFather dan token oling (/newbot) va uni .env da saqlang — hech qachon kodga yozmang.
Har bir misolni o'zingiz tering. Bot o'qib emas, yozib o'rganiladi.
FakeNutgram bilan testlarni o'zingiz ishga tushiring — botni Telegram'siz sinash ekspert ko'nikmasi.

Talab¶

Kerak	Daraja
PHP asoslari (sinf, composer, closure)	Shart
PHP 8.2+ va Composer	Shart
Telegram hisobi va `@BotFather` token	Shart (jonli sinov uchun)
Terminal bilan tanishlik	Foydali
SQL/ma'lumotlar bazasi asoslari	Foydali

Mundarija¶

I qism — Asoslar¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
01	Telegram bot va Nutgram bilan tanishuv	Bot API, `@BotFather` token, Nutgram nega, `composer require`, polling vs webhook.
02	Birinchi bot: /start va echo	`new Nutgram($token)`, `onCommand`, `sendMessage`, echo, `$bot->run()`, token `.env`.
03	Handlerlar va routing	`onMessage`/`onCommand`/`onText`/`onCallbackQuery`, handler tartibi, `fallback`, accessorlar.
04	Filtrlar va buyruqlar	Parametrli buyruqlar, deep-link, `onText` regex, constraints, `setMyCommands`.

II qism — Foydalanuvchi bilan muloqot¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
05	Xabar yuborish, formatlash va media	`parse_mode` (HTML/MarkdownV2), escape, `sendPhoto`/`sendDocument`, media-group.
06	Klaviaturalar: reply va inline	`ReplyKeyboardMarkup`, `InlineKeyboardMarkup`, builder, `InlineMenu`.
07	Callback query va inline rejim	`onCallbackQueryData`, `answerCallbackQuery`, `editMessageText`, pagination, inline mode.
08	Conversations (suhbat / FSM)	`Conversation` klassi, `next`/`end`, ko'p qadamli forma, holatni saqlash, `/cancel`.

III qism — Arxitektura va ma'lumot¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
09	Middleware	Onion modeli, global/guruh/handler darajasi, throttling, ma'lumot ulashish.
10	Ma'lumotlar bazasi bilan ishlash	PDO (SQLite/MySQL), repository, foydalanuvchini upsert, DI orqali ulash.
11	Loyiha tuzilishi va konfiguratsiya	Modullash, PSR-4 autoload, `.env`, DI-konteyner, bootstrap.
12	Maxsus xususiyatlar	Fayl yuklab olish, media group, lokatsiya/kontakt, buyruqlar menyusi.

IV qism — Ilg'or¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
13	Webhook va running mode	Polling vs webhook, running mode'lar, `setWebhook`, `secret_token`, nginx+php-fpm.
14	To'lovlar va Telegram Stars	`sendInvoice`, `onPreCheckoutQuery`, `onSuccessfulPayment`, Telegram Stars (XTR).
15	Rejalashtirilgan vazifalar va broadcast	Cron, broadcast, `BulkMessenger`, flood-control (429 retry), bloklangan foydalanuvchi.

V qism — Sifat va deploy¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
16	Testlash (FakeNutgram)	`Nutgram::fake()`, `hearText->reply`, `assertReplyText`/`assertSequence`, PHPUnit/Pest.
17	Production va deploy	Supervisor/systemd (polling), nginx+php-fpm (webhook), Docker, `onException`, monitoring.
18	Yakuniy kapston: to'liq bot	Vazifa-menejer bot: conversation, DB, klaviatura, middleware, admin, testlar, deploy.

VI qism — Guruh, kanal va Mini App (real amaliyot)¶

#	Bob	Mavzu
19	Guruhlarda ishlash	Guruh turlari, privacy mode, `getChatMember` a'zo/admin, `onMyChatMember`.
20	Guruh moderatsiyasi	Welcome (`onChatMember`), ban/mute (`restrictChatMember` + `ChatPermissions`), captcha.
21	Kanallar bilan ishlash	Kanalga post, `onChannelPost`, linked discussion group, `forward`/`copy`, reaksiyalar.
22	Majburiy obuna	Obuna middleware, gate klaviatura, bir nechta kanal, yopiq kanal (`onChatJoinRequest`).
23	Telegram Web App (Mini App) asoslari	`WebAppInfo`, 3 tugma turi, `telegram-web-app.js` SDK, `sendData` → `onWebAppData`.
24	Web App xavfsizligi: initData	initData HMAC validatsiya, `validateWebAppData`, replay himoyasi, serverda tekshirish.
25	Mini App backend	PHP backend (router/Slim), har so'rovda initData auth, DB holat, bot↔WebApp↔backend uchburchagi.
26	Kapston: Hamster uslubidagi clicker Mini App	Tap-to-earn: balans/energiya/upgrade, anti-cheat (serverda hisoblanadi), to'liq loyiha.

Muallif¶

Oqil Imomnazarov — ioqil.uz · Telegram · YouTube

Kitob bepul tarqatiladi (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Savdo qilish taqiqlanadi.